Palo ea likarolo tsa lense ke ntlha ea bohlokoa e khethollang ts'ebetso ea ho nka litšoantšo lits'ebetsong tsa mahlo 'me e bapala karolo ea bohlokoa moralong oa moralo ka kakaretso. Ha theknoloji ea sejoale-joale ea ho nka litšoantšo e ntse e tsoela pele, litlhoko tsa basebelisi tsa ho hlaka ha setšoantšo, botšepehi ba 'mala, le ho hlahisa lintlha tse nyane li eketsehile, e leng se hlokang taolo e kholo holim'a ho ata ha leseli ka har'a li-envelope tsa 'mele tse nyane haholo. Moelelong ona, palo ea likarolo tsa lense e hlaha e le e 'ngoe ea liparamente tse nang le tšusumetso e kholo tse laolang bokhoni ba sistimi ea mahlo.
Karolo e 'ngoe le e 'ngoe e eketsehileng ea lense e hlahisa tekanyo e eketsehileng ea tokoloho, e nolofalletsang ho laola ka nepo litsela tsa leseli le boitšoaro ba ho tsepamisa maikutlo ho pholletsa le tsela ea optical. Ho tenyetseha hona ho ntlafalitsoeng ha moralo ha ho nolofatse feela ntlafatso ea tsela ea mantlha ea ho nka litšoantšo empa hape ho lumella tokiso e reretsoeng ea ho kheloha ha mahlo a mangata. Liphetoho tsa bohlokoa li kenyelletsa ho kheloha ha selikalikoe—ho hlahang ha mahlaseli a marginal le paraxial a hlōleha ho kopana sebakeng se tloaelehileng sa focal; ho kheloha ha coma—ho bonahalang e le ho thiba mehloli ea lintlha e sa lekanang, haholo-holo ho ea moeling oa setšoantšo; astigmatism—e fellang ka ho se lumellane ha ho tsepamisa maikutlo ho itšetlehileng ka tataiso; ho kobeha ha tšimo—moo sefofane sa setšoantšo se kobehang, se lebisang libakeng tse bohale tsa bohareng tse nang le ho tsepamisa maikutlo ho senyehileng ha moeli; le ho sotha ha geometri—ho bonahalang e le phetoho ea setšoantšo se bōpehileng joaloka barrel kapa pincushion.
Ho feta moo, diphetoho tsa chromatic—tse axial le lateral—tse bakwang ke ho hasana ha thepa di sitisa ho nepahala ha mmala le phapang. Ka ho kenyelletsa dikarolo tse ding tsa lense, haholoholo ka ho kopanya mawa a dilense tse ntle le tse mpe, diphetoho tsena di ka fokotswa ka mokgwa o hlophisehileng, ka hona ho ntlafatsa ho tshwana ha ditshwantsho ho pholletsa le sebaka sa pono.
Phetoho e potlakileng ea litšoantšo tse nang le qeto e phahameng e ekelitse bohlokoa ba ho rarahana ha lense. Ho fotong ea li-smartphone, mohlala, mehlala ea li-flagship joale e kopanya li-sensor tsa CMOS ka lipalo tsa li-pixel tse fetang limilione tse 50, tse ling li fihla ho limilione tse 200, hammoho le boholo ba li-pixel tse fokotsehang khafetsa. Tsoelo-pele ena e beha litlhoko tse thata ho tsitsano ea angular le sebaka sa leseli la ketsahalo. Ho sebelisa ka botlalo matla a ho rarolla a li-array tse joalo tsa sensor tse nang le density e phahameng, li-lense li tlameha ho fihlella boleng bo phahameng ba Modulation Transfer Function (MTF) ho pholletsa le sebaka se pharaletseng sa maqhubu a sebaka, ho netefatsa tlhahiso e nepahetseng ea libopeho tse ntle. Ka lebaka leo, meralo e tloaelehileng ea likarolo tse tharo kapa tse hlano ha e sa lekana, e leng se susumetsang ho amoheloa ha li-configurations tse tsoetseng pele tsa likarolo tse ngata tse kang meralo ea 7P, 8P, le 9P. Meralo ena e nolofalletsa taolo e phahameng holim'a li-angles tsa mahlaseli a oblique, e khothalletsa ho ata ha maqhubu a haufi le a tloaelehileng holim'a sensor le ho fokotsa ho bua ha li-microlens. Ho feta moo, kopanyo ea libaka tse kang aspheric e ntlafatsa ho nepahala ha tokiso bakeng sa ho kheloha le ho sotha ha selikalikoe, e ntlafatsa haholo bohale ba moeli ho ea moeling le boleng ba setšoantšo ka kakaretso.
Litsamaisong tsa botsebi tsa ho nka litšoantšo, tlhoko ea bokhabane ba mahlo e khanna litharollo tse rarahaneng le ho feta. Lilense tse kholo tsa lesoba le leholo (mohlala, f/1.2 kapa f/0.95) tse sebelisoang lik'hamera tsa DSLR tsa maemo a holimo le tse se nang seipone li sekametse ho kheloha ho hoholo ha selikalikoe le ho koma ka lebaka la botebo ba tsona bo sa tebang ba tšimo le khanya e ngata e pharalletseng. Ho loantša litlamorao tsena, bahlahisi ba sebelisa li-lense stacks khafetsa tse nang le likarolo tse 10 ho isa ho tse 14, ba sebelisa thepa e tsoetseng pele le boenjiniere bo nepahetseng. Khalase e hasantsoeng ka mokhoa o tlase (mohlala, ED, SD) e sebelisoa ka bohlale ho thibela ho hasana ha chromatic le ho felisa ho fifala ha 'mala. Likarolo tsa aspheric li nkela likarolo tse ngata tsa selikalikoe sebaka, li fihlella tokiso e phahameng ea ho kheloha ha li ntse li fokotsa boima le palo ea likarolo. Meralo e meng ea ts'ebetso e phahameng e kenyelletsa likarolo tsa optical tse fapaneng (DOEs) kapa lilense tsa fluorite ho hatella ho kheloha ha chromatic ntle le ho eketsa boima bo boholo. Lilenseng tsa zoom tsa ultra-telephoto—tse kang 400mm f/4 kapa 600mm f/4—seboka sa optical se ka feta likarolo tse 20 ka bomong, hammoho le mekhoa ea ho tsepamisa mohopolo e phaphametseng ho boloka boleng bo tsitsitseng ba setšoantšo ho tloha ho tsepamiso e haufi ho ea ho bosafeleng.
Ho sa tsotellehe melemo ena, ho eketsa palo ea likarolo tsa lense ho hlahisa liphetoho tse kholo tsa boenjiniere. Taba ea pele, sebopeho se seng le se seng sa moea le khalase se kenya letsoho tahlehelong ea khanya ...
Ho phaella moo, palo e phahameng ea lilense ka kakaretso e eketsa molumo le boima ba sistimi, e leng se thulanang le tlhokahalo ea miniaturization ho lisebelisoa tsa elektroniki tsa bareki. Lits'ebetsong tse nang le sebaka se fokolang joalo ka li-smartphone, lik'hamera tsa liketso, le litsamaiso tsa litšoantšo tse kentsoeng ka drone, ho kopanya li-optics tse sebetsang hantle linthong tse nyane ho hlahisa phephetso e kholo ea moralo. Ho feta moo, likarolo tsa mechini tse kang li-actuator tsa autofocus le li-module tsa optical image stabilization (OIS) li hloka sebaka se lekaneng bakeng sa motsamao oa lihlopha tsa lense. Li-stack tsa optical tse rarahaneng haholo kapa tse hlophisitsoeng hampe li ka sitisa ho otloa le karabelo ea actuator, tsa beha lebelo la ho tsepamisa maikutlo le katleho ea botsitso kotsing.
Ka hona, moralong o sebetsang oa mahlo, ho khetha palo e nepahetseng ea likarolo tsa lense ho hloka tlhahlobo e felletseng ea thekiso ea boenjiniere. Baqapi ba tlameha ho hokahanya meeli ea ts'ebetso ea khopolo-taba le lithibelo tsa lefats'e la 'nete ho kenyeletsoa ts'ebeliso ea sepheo, maemo a tikoloho, litšenyehelo tsa tlhahiso le phapang ea' maraka. Mohlala, lilense tsa khamera tse tsamaeang lisebelisoa tsa 'maraka o moholo hangata li sebelisa litlhophiso tsa 6P kapa 7P ho leka-lekanya ts'ebetso le ts'ebeliso e ntle ea litšenyehelo, athe lilense tsa cinema tsa litsebi li ka beha boleng ba setšoantšo pele ka litšenyehelo tsa boholo le boima. Ka nako e ts'oanang, tsoelo-pele ea software ea moralo oa mahlo - joalo ka Zemax le Code V - e nolofalletsa ntlafatso e rarahaneng ea multivariable, e lumellang baenjiniere ho fihlela maemo a ts'ebetso a bapisoang le litsamaiso tse kholo tse sebelisang likarolo tse fokolang ka liprofaele tse ntlafalitsoeng tsa curvature, khetho ea index ea refractive, le ntlafatso ea coefficient ea aspheric.
Qetellong, palo ea likarolo tsa lense ha se feela tekanyo ea ho rarahana ha mahlo empa ke phetoho ea motheo e hlalosang moeli o ka holimo oa ts'ebetso ea ho nka litšoantšo. Leha ho le joalo, moralo o phahameng oa mahlo ha o fihlelloe ka ho eketseha ha lipalo feela, empa ka kaho e entsoeng ka boomo ea meralo e leka-lekaneng, e tsebisitsoeng ke fisiks e lumellanang le tokiso ea ho kheloha, katleho ea phetisetso, ho kopana ha sebopeho, le ho khona ho etsa. Ha re sheba pele, boqapi thepa e ncha—joalo ka li-polymer tse nang le index e phahameng ea refractive, low-dispersion polymers le metamaterials—mekhoa e tsoetseng pele ea tlhahiso—ho kenyeletsoa ho bopa boemo ba wafer le ts'ebetso ea freeform surface—le ho nka litšoantšo ka khomphutha—ka moralo o kopanetsoeng oa optics le li-algorithms—ho lebelletsoe ho hlalosa bocha papiso ea palo ea lilense "e ntle ka ho fetisisa", ho nolofalletsa litsamaiso tsa ho nka litšoantšo tsa moloko o latelang tse khetholloang ka ts'ebetso e phahameng, bohlale bo boholo, le ho ntlafala ha scalability.
Nako ea poso: Tshitwe-16-2025